Which of the following are valid IP addresses?

The validity of an IP address depends on specific criteria set by the Internet Protocol standards, particularly IPv4. An IP address is composed of four octets, each ranging from 0 to 255.

The address 10.10.14.0 is valid because each of its four octets (10, 10, 14, and 0) lies within the specified range. It is worth noting that the presence of a 0 as the last octet typically designates a network address rather than a usable host address. However, it remains an acceptable format for an IP address.

In contrast, other addresses have components that disqualify them as valid examples. For instance, 192.168.256.1 includes an octet with the value 256, which exceeds the maximum allowed value of 255, thus invalidating the address. While 192.168.13.255 is indeed a valid address, it can sometimes cause confusion as it represents a broadcast address for the subnet, but it is still a legitimate IP. The address 1.27.14.254 is also a valid address, containing octets within the proper range.

Understanding the limits within which octets can vary is essential for identifying valid